產å“增強技術類型與使用æ„圖的關è¯/Relationships between Types of Reinforcement Technique and Usage Intention in Products
摘要
行為改變產å“是利用增強原ç†è®“使用者能ä¾ç…§ç”¢å“é 定的行為模å¼é€²è¡Œæ”¹è®Šï¼Œå…¶ä¸å¢žå¼·æŠ€è¡“類型所引起使用者的動機ã€æƒ…感與使用æ„圖的關è¯å°‡æ˜¯æ¤é¡žç”¢å“æˆæ•—çš„é—œéµã€‚æœ¬ç ”ç©¶åŒ…å«è³ªåŒ–與é‡åŒ–兩個階段，首先採用焦點團體與方法目的éˆä¾†æŽ¢è¨Žå¸‚é¢ä¸Š84件行為改變產å“，以了解行為改變產å“çš„æŠ€è¡“é¡žåž‹èˆ‡æƒ…æ„Ÿå› å；其次é€éŽå•å·èª¿æŸ¥ç²å¾—357份有效樣本，探討內外在動機ã€æ£è² å‘情感與使用æ„圖的關è¯æ€§ã€‚最後çµæžœå¾—到8種行為改變技術類型(包å«5種æ£å¢žå¼·åŠ3ç¨®è² å¢žå¼·)，以åŠè¡Œç‚ºæ”¹è®Šç”¢å“所喚起的12種情感。在實è‰èª¿æŸ¥çµæžœå‰‡ç™¼ç¾ï¼Œå…§åœ¨å‹•æ©Ÿèˆ‡æ£å‘情感是影響使用æ„圖的é‡è¦é—œéµå› ç´ ã€‚æ£å¢žå¼·æŠ€è¡“å„ªæ–¼è² å¢žå¼·æŠ€è¡“ï¼Œè‹¥ä½¿ç”¨è² å‘增強技術，則è¦ä»¥åˆ©ä»–價值åšç‚ºå¼•å°Žå‰‡èƒ½æœ‰æ•ˆæå‡ä½¿ç”¨æ„åœ–ã€‚ç ”ç©¶çµæžœæä¾›è¨è¨ˆè€…具體的行為改變產å“之è¨è¨ˆç–略，未來應用於產å“情感è¨è¨ˆï¼Œå°‡å¯æå‡è‰¯å¥½çš„使用者經驗。
Â
Behavior-changing products can change user’s behavior into the predetermined pattern of product by reinforcement principles. Thus, the types of reinforcement techniques related to user motivation, emotions, and behavior intention are important keys to the success of these products. This study is consisted of two stages with qualitative and quantitative researches. First, the focus group and means-end chain model are adopted to explore 84 behavior-changing products in the market for realizing the reinforcement techniques types and emotional factors. Second, 357 users are surveyed by questionnaires. The correlation analysis and regression analysis are employed to explore the relationships between internal and external motivations, positive and negative emotions and usage intentions. The final results demonstrate 8 types of reinforcement techniques (including 5 positive types and 3 negative types), which are evoked 12 emotions. The internal motivation and positive emotion are important key factors affecting the usage intention. Generally, positive reinforcement techniques are better than negative ones. If we would like to use negative reinforcement techniques, it is necessary to adopt the altruistic value as a guide to enhance effectively the usage intention. The results provide designers the concrete design strategies for behavior-changing products. It can be applied to emotional design of products and enhance good user experiences.
關鍵詞
全文：
2019_1-3_PDF參考文獻
æ± éº—èã€è¾›è‡ªå¼º(2006)。大å¸ç”Ÿå¸ç¿’動機的測é‡åŠå…¶èˆ‡è‡ªæˆ‘效能感的關係。心ç†ç™¼å±•èˆ‡æ•™è‚²ï¼Œ22(2)， 64-70。
邱皓政(2000)。工作動機的內生性與外生性: å°ç£èˆ‡ç¾Žåœ‹å¤§å¸ç”Ÿå‹•æ©Ÿå…§æ¶µä¹‹è¨ˆé‡ç ”究。應用心ç†ç ”究，(7)，221-251。
林良駿(2015)。以情緒感å—探討æ£è² 增強行為改變技術產å“（未出版碩士論文）。æ±æµ·å¤§å¸ï¼Œå°ä¸å¸‚。
林勤è±ã€è‘‰æ˜Žç¾©ã€é‚±å…†æ°‘(1999)。「方法目的éˆã€ç ”ç©¶æ³•å»ºæ§‹è¡ŒéŠ·ç ”ç©¶è®Šæ•¸èˆ‡è¡ŒéŠ·ç–略之探討。ä¸è¯ç®¡ç†è©•è«–，2(6)，107-128。
馬信行(1993)。行為改變的ç†è«–與技術。å°åŒ—å¸‚ï¼šæ¡‚å† å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾ã€‚
張春興（2000）。張æ°å¿ƒç†å¸å¤§è¾å…¸ã€‚臺北市：æ±è¯ã€‚
張世慧（2003）。行為改變技術：ç†è«–與實用技巧。å°åŒ—市：五å—出版社。
蔡秀玲ã€æ¥Šæ™ºé¦¨ï¼ˆ1999）。情緒管ç†ã€‚å°åŒ—縣：æšæ™ºæ–‡åŒ–。
陳榮è¯(1986)。行為改變技術。å°åŒ—市：五å—出版社。
陳政見(2008)。行為改變技術。å°åŒ—市：è¯éƒ½æ–‡åŒ–。
åœ‹å®¶æ•™è‚²ç ”ç©¶é™¢ï¼ˆ2015）。教育部é‡ç·¨åœ‹èªžè¾å…¸ä¿®è¨‚本。å–自於：http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?ccd=WT3i3v&o=e0&sec=sec1&index=1
MUZIK（2018，9月5日）。音樂公路會唱æŒã€‚å–自於：https://udn.com/news/story/11184/3349434
Chakir-Hudson, B.（2018，4月25日）。è°æ˜Žçš„æ款箱。Pinterest。å–自於：https://www.pinterest.com/pin/555139091538867421/?lp=true
奇多é‡(2018，5月3 æ—¥)。3000年都没有å˜è¿‡çš„é›¨ä¼žï¼Œç«Ÿç„¶è¢«è¿™äº›äººå½»åº•é¢ è¦†äº†ï¼ã€‚å–自於：http://www.qiduoyu.com/article/read/id/747.html
æœç‹ï¼ˆ2017，6月16日）。å²ä¸Šæœ€â€œå¥‡è‘©â€çš„30件日用å“。å–自於：http://www.sohu.com/a/149332633_688001
網易家居（2014，12月25日）。å¯çˆ±çœ¼æ¶‚鸦å£çº¸æ»¡è¶³å©å天马行空的想象。å–自於：http://home.163.com/14/1225/15/AEAR7MKP00104MJI_mobile.html
鳳凰網（2018，3月26日）。世界å„地公益广告这些震撼创æ„的背åŽï¼Œå´æ— 比沉æ€ã€‚å–自於：http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180326/57055910_0.shtml
時事話題（2018，4月22日）。日走3000æ¥å°±æœ‰éŒ¢ï¼ç”¨é€™æ‹›â€¦ç”©è‚‰é‚„能賺錢。å–自於：https://theme.udn.com/theme/story/6773/3768870
果殼科技有æ„æ€ï¼ˆ2011，6月3日）。ä¸èµ·åºŠï¼Ÿåˆ‡ç¢Žä½ çš„é’±ï¼ã€‚å–自於：https://www.guokr.com/article/38915/?page=2
Ajzen, I. (1985). From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior, Kuhi, J., & Beckmann J. (Eds), Action-control: From Cognition to Behavior, Heidelberg: Springer, 11-39.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2002, September). Constructing a TPB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological considerations 2002 [website document]. Retrieved from http://chuang.epage.au.edu.tw/ezfiles/168/1168/attach/20/pta_41176_7688352_57138.pdf
Amabile, T. M., Hill, K. G., Hennessey, B. A., & Tighe, E. M. (1994). The Work Preference Inventory: assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), 950.
Assael, H. (1998). Consumer behavior and marketing action. South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, OH.
Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. The Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16-29.
Campbell, J. P., & Pritchard, R. D. (1976). Motivation theory in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 63-130). CHI, IL: Rand McNally.
Chaudhuri, A. (1997). Consumption emotion and perceived risk: A macro-analytic approach. Journal of Business Research, 39(2), 81-92.
Cheng, C. M., & Chen, L. J. (2007). A study on the knowledge sharing of health technology for technological college students’ mobile learning. International Journal of Education and Information Technologies, 1(1), 24-29.
Chu, P. Y., & Chiu, J. F. (2003). Factors influencing household waste recycling behavior: Test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(3), 604-626.
Clore, G. L., & Storbeck, J. (2006). Affect as information about liking, efficacy, and importance. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Affect in social thinking and behavior (pp. 123-141). WA, NY: Psychology Press.
Coskun, A., Zimmerman, J., & Erbug, C. (2015). Promoting sustainability through behaviour change: A review. Design Studies, 41, 183-204.
DeBruicker, F. S. (1979). An appraisal of low-involvement consumer information processing. Maloney, J.C., Silverman, B. (Eds.), Attitude Research Plays for High Stakes, American Marketing Association, Chicago, 112-130.
Desmet P. (2003). Measuring emotion: Development and application of an instrument to measure emotional responses to Products. In Blythe M.A., Overbeeke K., Monk A.F., & Wright P.C. (Eds.) Funology (pp. 111-123). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Desmet, P., & Hekkert, P. (2007). Framework of product experience. International Journal of Design, 1 (1), 57-66.
Evans, W.H., Evans, S.S., & Schmid, R.E. (1989). Behavior and instructional management: an ecological approach. Boston, MA, Allyn & Bacon.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Froehlich, J., Findlater, L., & Landay, J. (2010). The design of eco-feedback technology. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1999-2008). NY: ACM.
Gutman, J. (1982). A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes. Journal of Marketing, 46, 60-72.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Biddle, S. J. (2002). The influence of autonomous and controlling motives on physical activity intentions within the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 7(3), 283-297.
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Jordan, P. W. (1998). Human factors for pleasure in product use. Applied Ergonomics, 29 (1), 25-33.
Kleinginna, P. R., & Kleinginna, A. M. (1981). A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5(4), 345-379.
Laros, F. J., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (2005). Emotions in consumer behavior: a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 58(10), 1437-1445.
McCalley, L.T. (2011). Consumer Response to Product-Integrated Energy Feedback: Behavior, Goal Level Shifts, and Energy Conservation. Environment and Behavior, 43(4), 525–545.
Martin, G., & Pear, J. (2014). Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Martino B. D., Kumaran D., Seymour B., & Dolan R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313, 684–687.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Maurer, T. J., Weiss, E. M., & Barbeite, F.G. (2003). A model of involvement in work-related learning and development activity: The effects of individual, situational, motivational, and age variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 707-724.
Olson, J.C., & Peter, J.P. (1993). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy. 3th Ed, 85-109.
Osterloh, M., Frey, B.S. (2000). Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization Science, 11 (5), 538-550.
Reynolds, T.J., & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation. Journal of Advertising Research, 28, 11-2.
Rowe, G., Hirsh, J. B., & Anderson, A.K. (2007). Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(1), 383-388.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
Siero, F.W., & Bakker, A.B. (1996). Changing organizational energy consumption behaviour through comparative feedback. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 16, 235–246.
Skinner, B.F. (1965). Science and human behavior. New York: Free Press.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P.A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176.
Ullmann, L.P., & Krasner, L. (1965). Case studies in behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Valette-Florence, P. & Rapacchi, B. (1991), Improvements in means-end chain analysis: Using graph theory and correspondence analysis. Journal of Advertising Research, 31, 30-45.
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219.
Yanko Design (2014), Retrieved from: http://www.yankodesign.com/
Yun, R., Scupelli, P., Aziz, A., & Loftness, V. (2013, April). Sustainability in the workplace: nine intervention techniques for behaviour change. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology (pp. 253-265). Heidelberg: Springer.